Windows Diary

FIX: Kernel Parameter Root

Posted on by John Hernandez

 

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    It looks like some of our users have encountered an error message with root kernel options. This problem occurs for several reasons. Let’s look at them now.

     

     

    There are three ways to run kernel parameters to exclude kernel behavior:

    1. When building a kernel, this is the config file in the kernel. See Kernel # Compilation for more information.
    2. When loading the kernel – using command line parameters (usually via the bootloader).
    3. DuringI run through the files inside (see / proc / sys / sysctl) and / sys / .

    Different policy methods differ in the number, name, and method in which the configurable settings are specified. This page only describes the second method (kernel command line options) and displays a list of the many kernels used in Arch Linux options.

    Most of the rules are subsystem related and will certainly work if the kernel is configured with all of these subsystems built in. They are also completely dependent on the existence of the material with which they are actually associated.

    Kernel command line parameters are of the form parameter or parameter = value .

    Settings

    Kernel parameters are set either temporarily by modifying the most important boot entry in the bootloader selection menu, or permanently by modifying our own bootloader configuration file.

    The following examples include quiet splash and options for Syslinux, systemd-boot, GRUB, GRUB Legacy, LILO, and rEFInd.

    Syslinux

    • When the menu appears, press Tab , adding it to the end of our line and:

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  • 1. Download Fortect and install it on your computer
  • 2. Launch the program and click "Scan"
  • 3. Click "Repair" to fix any issues that are found

    •  linux / boot / vmlinuz-linux root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw initrd = / boot / initramfs-linux.img strips out the   burst entry
    Click to load with these parameters.
    • To compile the change permanently after restarting the release, /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg also adds it to APPEND : 
     APPEND root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw silent spray

    System Startup

    • Click e when one of our menus appears and add the end of the line: 
     initrd =  initramfs-linux.img root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw impassable burst
    Press Enter to run this customized.
    • To make a permanent post-computer change, edit /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf (assuming you have configured your primary EFI system partition) and paste it so you can add the line Parameters : 
     Parameters root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw remote splash screen

    GRUB

    • When the menu appears, press e and add it to the linux line: 
     linux/ boot / vmlinuz-linux root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw silent splash screen
    Press Ctrl + x to start with these options.
    • To ease the change after reboot, you can run / boot / grub / grub edit.cfg manually with the exact line above and / or using grub-mkconfig:
    Edit / etc / default / grub and add your personal kernel options between quotes in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT -Splash “
    And line: 
     GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT = "quietly then automatically regenerate the  grub.cfg  file with: 
     # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    GRUB Inheritance

    • Press e when the show menu is displayed and add it to the Kernel line: 
     kernel / boot / vmlinuz-linux root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw quiet splash screen
    Press b to snow with these parameters.
    • To be serious about changes after reboot, edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and add these products to the core lines, this is enough as indicated above.

    Add For more information on configuring GRUB Legacy, see our own article on GRUB Legacy.

    LILO

    • Add them: /etc/lilo.conf : 
     image = / boot / vmlinuz-linux        ...        silent spray

    REFInd

    • Press + , F2 , with Insert on the desired menu item, click that submenu item again. Add kernel parameters to the end of our line:
    kernel parameters root

     root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 initrd =  boot  initramfs-linux rw.img calm  entry  splash
    Press while loading with these parameters.
    • To make the override permanent after restarting Edit, /boot/refind_linux.conf and add it, for example, between quotes in all imperative lines 
     "Start with standard parameters" "root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw quiet splash"
    • If you have currently disabled automatic operating system detection in rEFInd and have specified operating system partitions instead, esp / EFI / refind / refind in.conf to boot your operating systems. You change like:
    kernel parameters root

     Linux menu item "" arch...Parameters "root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 rw quiet splash "...

    EFISTUB

    Fight

    dracut can inject kernel parameters into the initramfs to exclude them from the bootloader configuration. See dracut # kernel line options.

    Hack Command Line

    Even without access to the bootloader, it is again possible to modify kernel functions to enable debugging (if you have root access). This can be done by overwriting / proc / cmdline , which preserves kernel parameters. / proc / cmdline is not even writable as real, so this hack is done with a linked mount to hide the most important path.

     / root / cmdline 
     root = UUID = 0a3407de-014b-458b-b5c1-848e92a327a3 ro console = tty1 logo.nologo debug 
     # mount -n --hole -o ro / root / cmdline / proc / cmdline

    -n skips the way to add a mount to / etc / mtab to keep the device working even if root is configured as read-only. You can cat / proc / cmdline to see if your change was successful.

    Parameter List

    This list may not be exhaustive. For a complete overview of all parameters, seethe nucleation of the nucleus.

    Turn on debugging

    parameters description
    initialize Runs the specified binary associated with / sbin / init as the initialization process. The systemd-sysvcompat package binds / sbin / init to / usr / lib / systemd / systemd for use by systemd. Install it to / bin / sh start on my shell.
    initrd Enter the location of the initials for each virtual disk. This path must be specified with a backslash ( ) to run the UEFI and EFISTUB manager if the path separator is.
    debug (event logging level).
    lsm Define the Linux boot order regardless of the security modules used to activate AppArmor, SELinux, or TOMOYO.
    maxcpus The maximum number of processors on which SMP starts the kernel at boot time.
    Storage Forced consumption of a certain amount of alcohol.
    netdev Network device settings.
    nomod set Disable process parameter idra. Before
    Panic time in

     

     

    Speed up your computer's performance now with this simple download.

    Kernel parameters were configurable values ​​that could be tuned when a particular type of system was running. When the changes take effect, there is no need to restart or recompile the kernel. Kernel parameters can be accessed with the: sysctl command.

    Parameters for modules built into the kernel must be specified on the kernel command line. modprobe looks at the entire kernel command line (/ proc / cmdline) and collects partial parameters when the module is loaded, so the kernel command line can also be used for loaded modules.

    The sem kernel parameter consists of 4 Wedding Party, SEMMSL, SEMMNS, SEMOPM and SEMMNI. SEMMNS is simply the result of multiplying SEMMSL by SEMMNI. The database manager requires the number of tables (SEMMNI) to grow exactly as needed.

     

     

     

     

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